The Role of Androgen Receptor in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Kirkuk City

Abstract

Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms, with an increased volume of transitional zone and associated with increased stromal cells. Aim of the study: The way for detection of androgen receptor (AR) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and study its role of pathogenicity and clinical management. Patients and methods: This are a case-control study was carried out in Kirkuk City from the 1st of November 2021 to the end of February 2022. The study included 45 patients’ men with benign prostate hypertrophy were enrolled in the study. Patients who attended to Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Urology Consultation Unit. The age was ranged between 50- 81 years old. Forty-five apparently healthy men with negative family history were also included as consider as a control group, their ages were from 50 to 81 year. BPH patients were having international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) equal or greater than 13 and prostate volume (PV) were equal or greater than 25ml. Prostate gland volume was estimated through transabdominal ultrasound (Siemens/Germany), by department experienced radiologists. International prostate symptom score (I-PSS) was measured in all patients at diagnosis This procedure can be used for a confluent cell layer of 75 cm2 (100 mm dish). The yield is approximately 0.5 mg of nuclear proteins for 107 cells. The Androgen Receptor ELISA kit uses the sandwich ELISA method for detecting a protein. venous blood sample was drawn from the patients and controls for determination of testosterone. Results: The study that the highest mean of serum testosterone was recorded in BPH group (4.81±1.24 ng/ml) and the lowest mean was in the control group (3.13±1.12 ng/ml) (P:0.031). The highest mean of prostate volume was recorded in BPH group (38.69±6.26 cm3) and the lowest mean was in the control group (421.11±1.221.19±6.26 cm3). The study showed that the mean of AR in BPH group was (15.59±0.64 μg/tissue) and 37.78% of patients have range of AR (11-15 μg/tissue). There was a significant positive correlation of prostatic androgen receptor level with each of serum Testosterone and prostate volume among BPH patients. The study showed that the age of patients considered as risk factor for elevated of androgen receptor levels as androgen receptor was elevated significantly in BPH within the age group more than 69 year while lowest mean was in the age group 50-59 year (11.93±3.12 µg/tissue) (P. value: 0.001). Conclusions: Androgen receptor plays key roles in cell growth and promoting development of BPH, and testosterone and prostate volume were recorded BPH group as compared with the control group. Recommendations: Targeting in decreasing of AR may therefore provide a reasonable therapeutic approach for treatment of BPH offers improved efficacy in targeting AR and become a next-generation therapy for BPH patients.