Seroprevalence of Parvovirus B19 Infection and its Attributable Factors Among Blood Donors in Diyala Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Human Parvovirus B19V is one of the smallest viruses responsible for a wide range of clinical complications in humans, and it can be transmitted through the blood during blood donation, which presents a real problem for recipients, especially patients with blood disorders, pregnant women, and immunocompromised. Objective: This study aimed to detect the seroprevalence of Parvovirus B19 in blood donors in Diyala Governorate and to investigate the effect of some socio-demographic factors. Methods: This study was carried out in Diyala Governorate - Iraq for the period from October 24, 2020 to November 28, 2021. Blood samples (n = 188) were collected from Iraqi blood donations at the Central Blood Bank in Diyala. The age range was 17-58 years. A questionnaire form has been prepared to collect patient data, including demographic and social factors. An ELISA test kit for detection of Parvovirus B19 IgG (Demeditec / Germany) was used. The approval of the Scientific Research Ethics Committee was obtained from the Diyala Health Department in addition to the oral consent of the patients. SPSS version 27 was used to perform the statistical analysis, and the P-value was considered statistically significant when it was equal to or less than 0.05. Results: The current results of this study showed that the anti-Parvovirus B19 among unpaid blood donors in Diyala province was 62(33.0%). The higher positivity rate was among the 40-49 years (P = 0.494). Females had insignificantly higher positivity rate compared to males (P= 0.800). The results also showed a higher rate of anti-Parvovirus B19-IgG positivity with the increase in the number of blood donations (P= 0.370). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between the anti-Parvovirus B19-IgG and the anti-HBC total antibody (P= 0.028). Conclusion: This study, for the first time, gave a light on the prevalence of the virus among this critical group of blood donors. The Seroprevalence of anti-Parvovirus B 19 among blood donors in Diyala Governorate is age depends on possible associated with hepatitis B virus, Future studies to explore the common genotypes of B19 and viral load among this group are necessary.