Evaluation of Serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Estradiol Hormone Level in Female Childbearing Age of Covid-19 Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease that first appeared in Wuhan, China December 2019 and has spread to many countries So that it turned into a pandemic that affected millions of people and caused the deaths of more than six million. This pandemic disease was found to be caused by Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 ) a group of RNA, that enter the lungs causing respiratory complications that may develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome. Coronavirus invades the body by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which are expressed in many tissues and organs. Thus, the virus attacks organs other than the respiratory system, such as the female reproductive Tract (FRT). Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone ( LH), and Estradiol (E2) are hormones that regulate FRT functioning. In the present study, we evaluate FSH, LH and E2 hormone levels in three stages of Female Childbearing Age COVID-19 patients (FCA-COVID-19) admitted to a Samarra hospital in comparison to control non-COVID-19 patients. This study was performed in Samarra hospital for the period of September 2021 to August 2022. Blood samples of 105 females divided into groups included: the Comparator group (healthy control group) included 30 apparently healthy subjects (according to age with a range of 20 and 38 years), and the other three groups included 25 patients each group(according to age groups between 20and 38 years) The diagnosis was made real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT) by the consultant medical staff, where the patients were categorized according to the severity of the disease. The results of this study showed Statistically significant differences in FSH and LH levels detected in advanced FCA-COVID-19, in which the levels of these hormones were decreased in patient groups compared with control at p= 0.0001, and showed a significant difference in E2 levels, which was increased in patient groups compared with control at p= 0.0001.