Evaluation of Some Immunological Factors Associated with SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Abstract

Coronavirus (CoV) is a family of RNA viruses that cause disease in humans and other animals by entering the body via ACE2 receptors found in various organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive system. Coronaviruses are large particle viruses that are enveloped, spherical, have surface protrusion-forming spikes, and have a large positive- sense single-stranded RNA genome. A total 90 samples were collected from people suspected of being infected with SARSCoV-2, 50 blood samples were collected from patients, and 40 samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control group, who aged 20-80 years and carried out during September (2020) to January (2022) at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital. Some immunological parameters were studied on serum of 50 patients and 40 control by using enzyme linked immunoassay sorbent assay (ELISA). The result found the gender ratio and HLA typing (HLA-G, HLA-DR). There is no noticeable difference between males and females in the values of HLA-DR, while there is a clear increase in the values of HLA-G in male patients than in females, and there is an increase in values between patients and healthy subjects. Reduced amounts of HLA-DR can also place COVID-19 patients at high risk of secondary and severe bacterial nosocomial infections. The results of the age groups were the HLA types (HLA-DR, HLA-G) show that The young age groups have lower level of HLA-DR in comparison with adult age groups, the Mean ± SD, of young age groups ( 30 -39y and 40 -49y ) was revealed that 2.89 ± 0.65 and 2.59 ± 0.64 ) respectively, at LSD value ( 1,07) . While the result of HLA-G show that the higher level were spotted at adult age groups ( 40 -49 y, at 606.66 ± 376.33) in comparison with other age groups as well as control groups, with noted that higher level in control groups at adult age group ( 50 - 59 year, at 989.07 ± 488.84 ), at LSD value 54.8., The newly infected patients with Sars cov2 virus have reduced in HLA –DR expression in comparison with cured patients as well as in control ( 3.31 ± 1.07, 5.33 ± 2.99, 4.08 ± 2.09 ) at P. Vale < 0.05 . While the cured patients have higher level of HLA-G than newly infected patients and healthy control at mean ± SD (792.95 ± 179.71, 597.99 ± 317.51 and 534.40 ± 360.84) respectively at P Value <0.05). The smoker patients have lower level of Both HLA –DR and HLA-G in comparison with nonsmoker of patients and control, at mean ± SD ( 2.70 ± 0.42, 456.15 ± 221.23 ), respectively of HLA-DR and HLA-G.