Role of IL-1β and Two Single nucleotide Polymorphism of NLRP3 Gene in the Predisposition to Celiac Disease in Karbala Province

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD), also known as "celiac sprue," is a persistent inflammatory condition that involves the small intestine, with an incidence of 1% in the majority of population. This study aimed to investigate the role of interlukin-1β (IL-1β), two single nucleotide polymorphism (rs35829419 and rs3738447) and find the correlation between IL-1β with one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (rs35829419) among patients with Celiac Disease. This study was conducted on a total of (60) individual in different sex and age group cases (18 males + 42 females) including (30) patients with Celiac Disease and (30) healthy individuals. CD patients were recruited at Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children, through the duration of the beginning of August 2021 till the middle of January 2022. All patients diagnosed with CD by Anti-tTG IgA test. The age range of the study population was from (2-55) years with mean age 13.4 years. Blood was withdrawn from a vein, for molecular study (Sequencing PCR) and the serum was used for immunological tests including IL-1β by ELISA technique. The findings revealed that the Celiac disease patients had a significantly higher mean of IL-1β than the healthy Group, 143.94 pg\ml vs. 20.01 pg\ml, respectively. (P.value <0.05). NLRP3 rs35829419 polymorphism, The CC genotype (wild) frequency was lower in CD patients (47.8%) than control (52.2 %) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The CA genotype (variant) frequency was higher in CD patients (57.1%) than control (42.9%) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The C allele frequency was lower in CD patients (49.1%) than control (50.9%) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The A allele frequency was higher in CD patients (57.1%) than control (42.9%) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). NLRP3 rs3738447 polymorphism, The GG genotype (wild) frequency was lower in CD patients (40.0%) than control (60.0%) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The GA genotype (variant) frequency was higher in CD patients (100.0%) than control (0.0%) with statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The G allele frequency was lower in CD patients (41.7%) than control (58.3%) with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The A allele frequency was higher in CD patients (100.0%) than control (0.0%) with statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In Celiac disease patients, the mean of IL-1β was higher in CA genotype than the mean of IL-1β in CC genotype (301.95 vs 86.48) respectively (P.value <0.05). This indicates a strong positive correlation between IL-1β and SNP rs35829419 in CD patients (r = 0.86).