Oral Dosing of Male Rats with the Vaccine Prepared from the whole Antigens of Salmonella Typhimurium Loaded on Spherical zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Zn o and Its Histological Effects

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared locally, and tests were carried out using atomic force microscopy to detect the variation in the phenotypic features of these particles, where the shape of the molecular topography appeared with the highest peak up to 18 nm, and the results of the X-ray diffraction test showed the high purity of these minutes, while the microscope test showed the size of these particles averaged 46-59 nm, which is suitable for loading antigens on them, and the shape of the spherical particles was shown. The whole antigen was prepared from local Salmonella typhimurium isolates by local modified global process methods and with superior extraction purity. The results of the lethal half-dose (LD50) test showed that the first dilution 10-8 did not cause the death of any of the rats, and thus it is the LD50 of the whole antigen loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles. While the phagocytosis index(PI) test showed that this dilution showed the highest index of phagocytosis with an average of 76.24, while the Arthus and late hypersensitivity tests(DTHR) showed that this dilution was the highest reading with an average of 2.694 and 2.872 respectively, and therefore it is the most efficient in the dosing and the occurrence of the immune response, and the immunization began the experimental results for males to rats using a lethal death dose (LD50) showed the emergence of clinical signs that are observed through changes in the animal’s appetite, its general condition, the nature of stool and its high temperature. Slowed movement, diarrhea in stool, and a rise in temperature, with an average of 38.5 °C. After giving the booster dose 14 days after the first dose, the pathological changes were less severe and did not show a distinct clinical sign. The results of histological autopsy of (intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, lung) of rats dosed with whole antigen loaded on nanoparticles of zinc oxide nanoparticles showed slight effects, as their tissues showed some lesions, minor changes and an increase in immune cells, and most parts of their organs were intact, while the members of the control group appeared intact.