Determination the Value of Chromium, Zinc, Phosphorus and Manganese in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Different Techniques

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin action was reported to be potentiated by some trace elements like chromium, zinc, manganese and phosphorus. Proposed mechanisms of enhancement of insulin action by trace elements include activation of insulin receptor sites, serving as cofactors or components for enzyme systems which are involved in glucose metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity and acting as antioxidants for preventing tissue peroxidation. Aim: Estimation levels of serum zinc, phosphorus; chromium and manganese in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients and compare them with control group.Evaluation the impact of these levels on the severity of the disease, and determine the correlation between them.Comparsion of two different methods in determination of serum trace elements. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 180 subjects attending Al- Suwayrah hospital between Octobers to December 2021. Subjects had age range within 35-65 years. This study is case-control study with sample size (180), include (90) T2DM patients (56 femal and 34 male) with normal renal function and (90) apparently healthy control group. Serum glucose, serum urea , serum creatinine , serum Zn and serum phosphate were determine by spectrophotometric to study groups (diabetic and control).Serum Zn,Ch,Mn were determine by Flameless Atomic absorption spectrophotometer method by the technique of Graphite Furnace (GFAAS) to study groups. Results: In this study, the mean differences of age and body mass index according to study group including (diabetic patients and control group).There were significant differences between means of age and body mass index according to study group In this study, Serum zinc measured by two methods spectrophotometric and atomic absorption. In two methods there were significant differences between means of Zinc according to study group P-value <0.001 (P value ≤ 0.05 was significant). There were significant differences between means of manganese and chromium (Atomic absorption) according to study group. There were no significant differences between means of Phosphate (spectrophotometric) according to study group. Conclusion:  Larger link between BMI and the onset of diabetes.Low serum levels zinc,mangnese and chromium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As early in the development of DMT2 plasma phosphate levels may be normal or even low, these deregulations may be difficult to distinguish.