Evaluation of serum IgG and IgM in covid-19 patients and their correlations with some clinic pathological parameters

Abstract

Cross sectional study was carried out to evaluated of serum IgG and IgM in patients with COVID -19, conducted in Al-Yarmouk Hospital and Dar Al Salam field Hospital 1 in Baghdad city. The study started from February to July 2021 on Iraqi COVID-19 patients,age of the patients was above > (15) years old with confirmed infection documented by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total of subjects were 132 patients, 69 (52.3%) males and 63 (47.7 %) females. Patients divided into three pathological groups: mild patients (45), moderate patients (34) and severe patients (53), each group was divided into four weeks according to symptoms onset date. more comorbidities, included cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal disease, liver disease and chronic lung disease. Sandwich-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits were used to evaluate levels of IgG and IgM in patients. Our results for antibody responses in patients showed,IgG and IgM levels occurred simultaneously or sequentially across four weeks. In this study mild patients showed increased levels of IgM and IgG in the 2nd week after symptoms onset. Then, a relatively high level of IgG was still persistent after two weeks, while the level of IgM tended to decrease slightly. Serum IgG was gradually increased from week 1 to 4 with high significant differences (p-value= 0.0001). Serum IgM was increased in the early stage from symptoms onsets and gradually decreased significantly (p-value=0.0384). In moderate COVID-19 patients, IgG titers showed slightly increased in late stage with significant difference (p-value=0.0229), whereas no significant observed in IgM titers across four weeks (p-value=0.0239). For severe patients, our results showed no significant differences in IgG (p-value= 0.782), whereas showed high significant in IgM during disease progression in severe patients (p-value=0.0052). The present study showed,a positive correlation between IgG with LYM, but there was a negative correlation between IgG and (LDH,CRP,D-dimer, NEU) in COVID-19 patients.