Detection Of the Most Important Bacteria Accompanying Covid-19 Patients, with Measurement of Some Immube Indicators in Infected and Vaccinated Patients

Abstract

Our study was conducted on (COVID19) patients lying in the isolation wards of Al-Sharqat-General-Hospital and Salah-Al-Din-Military-Hospital, for the period from mid-October 2021AD to March 2022AD, for ages (25-75years) and for both sexes. Collected 70-samples of throat swab, to detect secondary bacterial infection associated with COVID19, it was found that 66(94.28%) samples are growth-positive, and 4 (5.71%) samples are growth-negative.  The isolates were distributed into 48 isolates (72.72%) belonging to Gram-positive bacteria, 18 isolates (27.27%) belonging to Gram-negative bacteria, and the number of pure single isolates reached 66 isolate. (24) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of 36.36% are the most prevalent bacteria among positive bacteria isolates.  The rate of secondary bacterial infection among those infected with COVID-19 has been shown to be caused by Staph. aureus, which causes various respiratory infections, and (14) isolates of Streptococcus Pneumonia by 21.21% and it is among the bacterial causes associated with secondary infection, that these bacteria naturally inhabit the respiratory passages, but they can enter the lungs by inhalation, where it was found to be one of the most common causes of respiratory tract infection and (10) Streptococcus pyogens isolate in 15.15% is an associated bacterial cause with secondary infection.  She indicated that the bacterium Strep. pyognes possess several virulence factors that help them spread by breaking down connective tissue. During the 1918 influenza outbreak, Pfeiffer discovered Strep. pyogenes as a prominent bacterial organism in influenza, as for the number of Gram-negative bacterial isolates , (14) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae amounted to 21.21% and it is the most Gram-negative bacterial species associated with secondary infection and antibiotic resistance with what It was reached (Ahmed et al, 2021) and in a percentage (40.5%), where these bacteria are transient natural flora present on the body, as it is considered an opportunistic infection in patients and hospitals.  and (4) an isolate belonging to Moraxella catarrhalis with a percentage of 6.06%.  The results showed the extent of resistance of some commonly used antibiotics against isolated bacteria, where Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to Azithromycin 100%, while Streptococcus pyogenes was more resistant to antibiotics with 100% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and amikacin. Pneumococci were 100% resistant to ceftriaxone, and as for Gram-negative bacteria, the results showed that they were resistant to most of the antibiotics used in the current study.